{"id":135,"date":"2017-11-22T10:23:12","date_gmt":"2017-11-22T10:23:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.lib.purdue.edu\/patents\/?p=135"},"modified":"2020-07-20T04:06:16","modified_gmt":"2020-07-20T04:06:16","slug":"rights-and-obligations-under-the-united-states-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.lib.purdue.edu\/patents\/2017\/11\/22\/rights-and-obligations-under-the-united-states-system\/","title":{"rendered":"Rights and Obligations under the United States system"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rights:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><b>Term of protection:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The US Regimen contemplates three different kinds of patents, each one with its own characteristics and time of protection, as it can be seen on the following chart:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-162\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.lib.purdue.edu\/patents\/files\/2017\/11\/US-Patents-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"892\" height=\"516\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.lib.purdue.edu\/patents\/files\/2017\/11\/US-Patents-1.jpg 892w, https:\/\/blogs.lib.purdue.edu\/patents\/files\/2017\/11\/US-Patents-1-300x174.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.lib.purdue.edu\/patents\/files\/2017\/11\/US-Patents-1-768x444.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 892px) 100vw, 892px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>Rights conferred:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Under the US Regime, the rights conferred to the patentee are the rights to exclude others from: <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Making;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Using;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Selling;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Offering for sale and <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Importing the patented invention <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As established by \u00a7<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/uscode.house.gov\/view.xhtml?hl=false&amp;edition=prelim&amp;req=granuleid%3AUSC-prelim-title35-section154&amp;num=0&amp;saved=%7CZ3JhbnVsZWlkOlVTQy1wcmVsaW0tdGl0bGUzNS1zZWN0aW9uMTA0%7C%7C%7C0%7Cfalse%7Cprelim\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">154<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(a)(1), for the time of protection of the granted patent: activity prior to issuance that would have resulted in a finding of infringement during the life of the patent <strong>is not actionable<\/strong>. It is also <strong>unenforceable after it expires<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Geographical scope of protection: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The aforementioned rights may be enforced within and throughout the United States. The invention can only be imported into the United States. <\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Limitations<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This information has been taken from: <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">HALPERN, Sheldon W.; NARD, Craig Allen &amp; PORT, Kenneth L. (2011). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fundamentals of United States Intellectual Property Law: Copyright, Patent, Trademark<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Great Britain: Kluwer Law International BV.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>As any right, the right to exclude that emerges from the grant of a patent has limitations, that can be classified as follows:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The doctrine of the Patent Misuse<\/li>\n<li>Doctrines of <em>First Sale<\/em>, <em>Implied License<\/em> and <em>Repair<\/em>\/<em>Reconstruction<\/em><\/li>\n<li>Experimental Use Exception<\/li>\n<li>Governmental Inmunity<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>1. The doctrine of the Patent Misuse:<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-144 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/blogs.lib.purdue.edu\/patents\/files\/2017\/11\/The-doctrine-of-Patent-Misuse.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"665\" height=\"257\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.lib.purdue.edu\/patents\/files\/2017\/11\/The-doctrine-of-Patent-Misuse.jpg 665w, https:\/\/blogs.lib.purdue.edu\/patents\/files\/2017\/11\/The-doctrine-of-Patent-Misuse-300x116.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 665px) 100vw, 665px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>2. Doctrines of <em>First Sale<\/em>, <em>Implied License<\/em> and <em>Repair<\/em>\/<em>Reconstruction<\/em>:<\/h3>\n<p>The infringement of a Patent starts with certain acts performed without authority. The mentioned authorization can be express or implicit.<\/p>\n<p>The acts that give rise to an implicit authorization are:<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.1. First sale of the patented invention:\u00a0<\/strong>Unless there is any agreement to the contrary, the user is free to use or resell that patented product after the first sale.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.2. Where the circumstances necessitate an implied license: <\/strong>Under the ruling of the United States Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit, in the case <a href=\"http:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/us-federal-circuit\/1201198.html\">Wang Laboratories Inc., v. Mitsubishi Electronics America Inc.<\/a>, the categories of conduct that give rise to an implied license are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Acquiescence<\/li>\n<li>Conduct<\/li>\n<li>Equitable estoppel<\/li>\n<li>Legal estoppel<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2.3. Where a patented product has merely been repaired:\u00a0<\/strong>The authorized purchaser may repair or replace damaged or worn parts of the patented invention necessary for use. However, this authorization does not allow the purchaser to\u00a0<strong>reconstruct a patented product\u00a0<\/strong>from the parts of worn-out products.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Experimental use exception:<\/h3>\n<p>Under\u00a0\u00a7<a href=\"http:\/\/uscode.house.gov\/view.xhtml?hl=false&amp;edition=prelim&amp;req=granuleid%3AUSC-prelim-title35-section271&amp;num=0&amp;saved=%7CZ3JhbnVsZWlkOlVTQy1wcmVsaW0tdGl0bGUzNS1zZWN0aW9uMTA0%7C%7C%7C0%7Cfalse%7Cprelim\">271<\/a>(a), the mere use of a patented product constitutes an infringement. However, some theories suggest that the use of a patented product for non-commercial, experimental purposes is not an act of infringement, particularly to the pharmaceutical industry.<\/p>\n<p>That exception is included as so in \u00a7<a href=\"http:\/\/uscode.house.gov\/view.xhtml?hl=false&amp;edition=prelim&amp;req=granuleid%3AUSC-prelim-title35-section271&amp;num=0&amp;saved=%7CZ3JhbnVsZWlkOlVTQy1wcmVsaW0tdGl0bGUzNS1zZWN0aW9uMTA0%7C%7C%7C0%7Cfalse%7Cprelim\">271<\/a>(e), which states that &#8220;it shall not be an act of infringement to make, use, offer to sell, or sell within the United States or import into the United States a patented invention [&#8230;] solely for uses reasonably related to the development and submission of information under a Federal law which regulates the manufacture, use or sale of drugs or veterinary biological products&#8221;.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Governmental Immunity:<\/h3>\n<p>This topic has already been addressed, and it can be checked <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.lib.purdue.edu\/patents\/2017\/11\/22\/compulsory-license-regime-the-united-states\/\">here<\/a>, under the section &#8220;Uses by the US Government&#8221;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rights: Term of protection: The US Regimen contemplates three different kinds of patents, each one with its own characteristics and time of protection, as it can be seen on the following chart: Rights conferred: Under the US Regime, the rights conferred to the patentee are the rights to exclude others from: Making; Using; Selling; Offering [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":146,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9029,7896,9633,8303],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-135","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-content","category-legal-systems","category-rights-and-obligations","category-united-states-regime"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.lib.purdue.edu\/patents\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.lib.purdue.edu\/patents\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.lib.purdue.edu\/patents\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.lib.purdue.edu\/patents\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/146"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.lib.purdue.edu\/patents\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=135"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.lib.purdue.edu\/patents\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":163,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.lib.purdue.edu\/patents\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/135\/revisions\/163"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.lib.purdue.edu\/patents\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=135"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.lib.purdue.edu\/patents\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=135"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.lib.purdue.edu\/patents\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}